Eskişehir

The area is inhabited since before the Phrygians founded Doryleaum near today’s Eskişehir (pronounced es-KEE-sheh-heer), name of which translates to "the old city" in Turkish, a fitting name as the city fully embraces modern life while still maintaining a sense of tradition and ancient values. The area to the south of Eskişehir is known as the "Phrygian Valley" even today and contains many remnants from the Phrygians (some parts of the valley is within the borders of Kütahya and Afyonkarahisar provinces).
Eskişehir is a haven of liberalism in a largely conservative region, which stems from the large student population, as well as the already-progressive-minded culture of refugees from Crimea and the Balkans settled in the city in the late 19th century during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, descendants of whom constitute most of the native population, who are well-adapted to the ideals of a westernized nation of the Republic.
One of the few cities in Turkey with more than one state university, Eskişehir is home to Anadolu University and Eskişehir Osmangazi University, both amongst the biggest universities of the country.
Despite its name, most of the city is new construction, with the oldest buildings being no more than 50 years old, with the prominent exception of the neighbourhood of Odunpazarı. Since 1999, when Yılmaz Büyükerşen, the former president of Anadolu University, has been elected mayor, the city has a somewhat imitation Central European feel to it with its bridges, parks, statues, and trams.
The Porsuk River bisects the city all along. The other, non-natural feature that long bisected the city, the main Istanbul–Ankara railway, now runs underground for most of its route through the city limits.

Orientation

Eskişehir is a city with two distinct yet related centres that are the centre of youth life in Eskişehir:

• The riverside promenade area, Adalar (literally "the islands"), is a part of the mainland, except for a small river island on which the historic building of Tepebaşı City Council stands).
• The pedestrianized Doktorlar Caddesi (officially İsmet İnönü Caddesi), just north of Adalar, with a tram line in the middle. Doktorlar Caddesi extends towards northwest, past a bridge over the rail tracks and Espark shopping mall, Üniversite Caddesi, which leads to the Yunusemre Campus of Anadolu University. This marks the northwestern extent of student territory.

Southeast from Adalar is Hamamyolu, another pedestrianized street with a large leafy strip in the middle—or a linear park, you might say. This is the old city centre and where locals and families rather to hang out and go shopping. At the southeastern end of Hamamyolu is Odunpazarı, the Ottoman district.
Adalar and Hamamyolu meet at Köprübaşı ("the bridgehead"), marked by the bridge on which the tram line crosses Porsuk.

Climate

Like any other part of the Anatolian highland, the winters are cold and usually snowy. Temperature is regularly below the freezing point during this season, but it rarely drops below . Thanks to the low levels of relative humidity, the hot and dry summers are more comfortable than coastal regions of Turkey. Summer nights are cool, though, so be sure to bring at least a cardigan with you to wear outdoors. Spring and autumn are the wettest seasons, but with an annual rainfall amount of 415 mm (i.e., a semi-arid climate), you are unlikely to get much rain during your trip to Eskişehir, anyway.

By plane

Fly to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen airport (SAW), take taxi or bus 10 km to Pendik station, then YHT train (as below) to Eskişehir. YHT connections are also possible from Ankara or Konya airports.

• Anadolu AirportEskişehir’s own airport has very few commercial flights, just the occasional charter.

By train

Eskişehir is near the junction of Turkey’s high speed railway system (YHT), with frequent fast trains to Istanbul, Ankara and Konya. The is in the modern part of town, some 5 km north of the old quarter. Trams connect to the centre.
From Istanbul to Eskişehir there are 11 daytime trains, taking 3 hours, mostly continuing to Ankara. From Ankara to Eskişehir there are 13 daytime trains, taking 90 minutes. To Konya there are three trains a day taking 90 minutes; change there for buses to Antalya, and connections to Karaman and Adana.
The overnight train between Istanbul and Ankara calls at Eskişehir at around 01:00 westbound and 04:00 eastbound. There is also an overnight sleeper taking 11 hours to Izmir Basmane station and a daily train takes 6 hours to Denizli, for Pamukkale (formerly as a sleeper, but now a day train). Buses to Bursa (2¼ hours) connect at Eskişehir with the YHT trains.

By car

The city is 335 km away from Istanbul, 228 km from Ankara, and 144 km from Bursa.
Eskişehir lies on the highway D200/E90, which connects Bursa, a major city in the northwest, with Ankara, the national capital. From Istanbul, take D100 or the toll-road O-4/E80 eastwards to Adapazarı first, and then hit the southwards D650 there. In Bozüyük, take D200/E90 to east. Most of the route from Istanbul is up to motorway standards with segregated directions, except some short sections under construction through the valley of Sakarya River.

By bus

Usually about 15 TL per person if you're coming from Ankara, the bus rides to Eskişehir reveal a beautiful view. From the city of Burdur in the south the price is 25 TL, from Antalya 35 TL.

By boat

An alternative route from Istanbul is to take the Budo ferry from Kadikoy to Mudanya (6 per day, 1 hr 50 min) then bus, taxi and metro to Bursa Otogar (allow an hour) then bus to Eskişehir.

The city has a 2-line tram system. You can buy a ticket for 1.60 TL per person and per trip and ride from the bus station to the city center. The Odunpazari houses and glass museum of modern art are at the Atatürk High School stop of bus station line of tram. its 30 minutes walk to city center. Minibuses and public buses cover the rest. The city also has a small fleet of 19th century-looking horse-drawn carriages, and a large taxi fleet. At almost anywhere on the large streets, you’ll see buttons (looking like electric switches) hanging on walls, trees, etc. To call a cab, you need only to push one of those and the nearest taxi stop will soon send a taxi to where you have pushed it. But walking is probably the best way of transportation in this largely flat city, it is free of charge and the distances aren’t that huge.

• Odunpazarı – It may sound a bit odd in a city with a name which literally means "old city", but this is the only place in Eskişehir where the traditional 19th-century houses haven't been torn down in favor of newer buildings.
• Yazılıkaya – A rock carving left by Phrygians with inscriptions on it. It was a site sacred to Cybele, the mother-goddess of Phrygians, whose cult later arrived as far as Mauritania and Spain in the west and Afghanistan in the east, and all the way between these two extremes. Yazılıkaya is about 90 km south of Eskişehir, near the village also named Yazılıkaya (not to be confused with a site also known as Yazılıkaya in Çorum. Çorum’s Yazılıkaya is a Hittite site). A much smaller replica of it can be seen on the square next to the intercity highway, across the main gate of Yunusemre Campus of Anadolu University.

Eskişehir is known for its hamams (Turkish bath), although there seems to be no particular reason for this fame. There are some baths in the city centre, dating back to Ottoman period. Upon entrance you’ll be asked to put off your shoes and wear the slippers provided. Then you’ll put off all your clothes and wrap yourself in one of the large towels provided. A locker for clothes is provided. Have a through shower and wash your hair before entering the marble hot tub area. Don’t let soapy water leak into the communal pool, if you’ll also have a soapy scrub next to it. Staying more than one hour in the hot section is not advised (especially for the first time) as the very hot air and steam inside can cause the blood pressure to rise considerably. Once you’re done in the hot tub, you’ll be wrapped in the dry room all over your body and head, and asked what drink you’d like. Although never that pricey, the fee of this drink isn’t included in entrance fee, and you don’t have to drink anything if you don’t want to. Usually having a lemon soda is recommended, though, as it’s thought to lower the blood pressure back to normal level.
Entrance is about 5 TL/person, massage costs a further 5 or 10 TL (of course it’s not compulsory to have a massage and pay another fee just because you entered the bath if you don’t want to), towels are provided for free, shampoo and soap are provided for 0.50 or 1 TL each. The price is not hourly, i.e. you can stay inside as long as you like (remember the ‘no-more-than-one-hour-for-the-first-time’ rule, though).
Women and men have separate sections (and enter the building from separate gates).

• Hot springs (kaplıca) also abound in the surrounding region.
• Eskisehir Sazova Park of science, culture and art
• Kentpark (City Park)
• Love Island

Anadolu University participates in pan-European university student exchange programs.

As you would expect from a big city, there are many ATMs around and credit cards are accepted in most places.

• Meerschaum souvenirs – Meerschaum is extracted only in Eskişehir province in the world. They are mostly chipped into little statues or high-quality tobacco pipes.

Because of the relatively large university student population, the city centre, especially streets leading to or running parallel with the Porsuk River are teeming with local and American-style fast food restaurants and pizzerias.
Local delicacies include:

• Çi börek (or sometimes also spelled çiğ börek) – essentially a Crimean Tatar dish, it reached Eskişehir in the late 19th century when a band of Crimean Tatars was settled in the city. It is a kind of pastry with thin dough walls shaped like a half-moon and filled with finely-minced meat inside. It is cooked in a large pot filled with heated vegetable oil. Crimean Tatars consider eating it with a fork an insult, and they don’t provide any in their restaurants (hands with a paper napkin are used instead).

• Kırım Çibörek

  address: Atalar Street and in Kentpark
  They are Crimean Tatar. (Çibörek's origin is Tatar.)

Budget

Mid-range

Splurge

Since it is a usual habit for university students to binge drink and to pub crawl, there are many bars, pubs, clubs, and discos scattered around the city. It is usually possible to attain a live music performance at weekends.

• Haller Gençlik Merkezi – Once warehouse of the city for fresh groceries, this elegant building has been renovated and now houses beer-, and winehouses. It is located near the central station.

Several pubs in the riverbank of porsuk and the clubs near train station offers a good night, and also an opportunity to know local students. Some pubs by genres:

• 645Offers live hard-rock and alternative after 23:00.

• AresHosts good local heavy metal groups.

• Cagdas Bira EviOrdinary pub! They have cheap beer, anyway.

• GlowA rock-club mixed place. One of a kind, but it doesn't mean this place is awesome.

• TravelersA traveller cafe.

Budget

Mid-range

Splurge

Tourism information office – Vilayet Sq 1, tel +90 222 230 38 65

Telephone

The area code of Eskişehir is 222. Dial +90 222 when calling an Eskişehir number from out of Turkey.

City’s large university student population makes it a place quite easy to communicate in English, although local older generations may only speak Turkish. Also you may encounter youngsters with an ability to speak less widespread European languages such as German or French, though this is much less possible compared with English.

• Kütahya — about an hour away to southwest by several daily buses and trains from Eskişehir, Kütahya is a city known for its faience tradition. It also serves as a jumping off point to Aizanoi with the Temple of Zeus, one of the best preserved Roman sites in the region.