Oradea

The city combines a good location and climate with romantic baroque architecture from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with a lovely jumble of Romanian and Hungarian cultures. The city was passed back many times between Hungary and Romania, with both these cultures are apparent in the city giving it a special charm and pleasant mix of architecture.
Oradea, situated 8 km from the Hungarian border (and a whopping 650 km by train from the capital of Romania, Bucharest), can even serve as a starting point for a Romanian journey, as it is served by trains coming in from Budapest and other parts of Europe. Many tourists also make a stopover in Oradea before travelling further on to Cluj-Napoca, Brasov or Bucharest. Tourism is booming and people are even considering attributing the name Le Petit Paris (the Little Paris) to it.
Oradea is in the county of Bihor (BH), in Transylvania. The city proper has a population of 206,527 (according to the 2002 census); this does not include areas in the metropolitan area which bring the total urban area population to approximately 350,000. Oradea is one of the most prosperous cities of Romania. The city is on the Crişul Repede river, and has a sizeable Hungarian minority. It is also home to many renowned shoe factories.

Oradea is a bilingual city: Most residents speak both Romanian and Hungarian. If you speak either of these two languages, you are bound to get along well. The official language of the country is Romanian, and it is Romanian you will encounter most frequently. But despite all the Romanisation efforts of the communism era, Hungarian influences are still apparent in the bilingual shop signs or speakers to be found. Furthermore, most public signs are now in both languages.
Oradeans also tend to be fairly good at foreign languages - English, French and German are taught in all high schools and have been for a fairly long time, so even older speakers will know how to speak one of these languages. This especially applies to German, which many people will speak with great enthusiasm. Romanians are generally tolerant of foreign languages and love tourists, so, in the vast majority of cases you haven't got anything to lose by speaking French, German or English, or even Italian, in Oradea.
English is becoming increasingly popular, and it is spoken fairly fluently by the younger generation, and by many of the middle-aged people. In supermarkets or shops, you can confidently speak in English, especially if the staff members are fairly young. However, it is always good to know a few words in the local languages, because not only will the locals appreciate you for it, but you will understand much more.

By plane

Oradea's closest large international airport is Budapest's Liszt Ferenc Airport, which serves flights from all corners of Europe. See above for information on train connections to Oradea. Cluj-Napoca is another option for most flights from elsewhere in Europe.
Oradea also has a small airport, located 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of the city. This airport has TAROM flights from Bucharest twice daily. These flights are average in terms of comfort, but are fairly expensive, and are not worth the money.

By train

Getting into Oradea is moderately easy, from Romania or from Hungary. Most visitors arrive by train, as Oradea is located at the western extremity of the Romanian train network. If you're travelling from Bucharest, there are two or three trains per day, one of which is a very comfortable yet fairly inexpensive night train, especially if you decide to travel in a refurbished first-class sleeper. Make sure that you take your tickets well in advance if you intend to travel by the first-class sleeper cars because the tickets sell out quickly.
The journey from Bucharest is a 10-hour, 650 km trip across Romania. Getting to Oradea from other parts of Transylvania is a lot easier and quicker - there are now fast InterCity (IC) connections with brand-new trains from Germany to Cluj-Napoca, Arad and Timisoara. Besides these, there are fast trains that link Oradea at least once daily with nearly every major city in Romania.
If Oradea is your entry point to Romania, and you are coming from Hungary or Central Europe, there are five trains per day from Budapest to Oradea (some of which continue onwards to Brasov and Cluj-Napoca). Two of these trains are early in the morning, and one leaves Budapest in the afternoon and arrives in Oradea in the late evening, after about four hours.
There are many bus from Budapest (Nepliget) to Oradea/Nagyvarad. Many buses from Budapest who go in Romania stop at Oradea.
If you want to visit Oradea from any other place, the worst idea is to do it from Bucharest.
For a good domestic trip finder see Romanian Railways.
For an international pan-European trip finder try Deutsche Bahn European Timetable.

By bus

Intercity bus and coach services running through Oradea are strongly on the increase, and most of the residents see them as a welcome departure from what they see are slow, uncomfortable trains. This is because intercity coach travel is very much a novelty in a country where trains and aeroplanes have been the primary form of public transportation for decades. Even today, train is by far the recommended way, being much more comfortable and increasingly modern and luxurious.
Bus services are private, and are either run by large cross-European companies such as Eurolines or small Romanian or Hungarian companies which operate coaches between, say, Oradea and Budapest.

• AutogennAutogenn minibuses leave every 90 min from Timișoara via Arad can be found in the carpark next to the Medlife clinic on Boulevard Gen. Ion Dragalina, the main road going south from Gara de Nord. (40 lei, 3hr 15min) In Oradea, they arrive at the Autogara just north of the train station.

From Oradea it's easy to transfer to other northern cities such as Cluj-Napoca; a good option if you miss the earlier train or bus!

The beautiful city center is worth visiting, as are the Băile Felix health spas, accessible by train or bus and located outside the city.
Other sites worth visiting are:

• Criș Land MuseumHistory section: historic documents, historic photographs. Art section: painting, sculpture. Ethnography section covering the west of Romania. Natural sciences section.

• Baroque PalaceA wonderful Baroque castle in Viennese style with 365 famous windows. Built in honour of Maria Teresa, it was the Roman Catholic bishop's palace until 1945, when the Communist regime took the building into public ownership. It was returned to the Roman Catholic church in 2003.

• Roman-Catholic BasilicaThe biggest Baroque cathedral in Romania.

• The Oradea Fortress

• Moon ChurchA church unique in Europe, with a type of astronomical clock depicting the phases of the moon.

• Black Eagle Passage

• Ady Endre MuseumA museum dedicated to the greatest Hungarian poet who worked here.

• State TheatreDesigned by two Austrian architects who had built around 100 theatres and opera houses in Europe by the end of the 19th century.

• Republicii StreetDisplays an incredible number of Art Nouveau buildings.

• There are around 100 religious sites of different denominations in Oradea, including three synagogues (however, only one is said to be still in use) and the biggest Baptist church in Eastern Europe.

• Synagogue

• Orthodox Synagogue

• Băile FelixHealth spa resort

  (from the center/station take tramvai no. 3 util the end (Nufărului) and then bus no 511). Adult day ticket for Strandul Apollo costs 30 lei.

Souvenir shopping, food shopping.

Dining in Oradea is usually a pleasure, provided you know where to eat. Most restaurants serve local cuisine, which is similar to other continental cuisine. Additionally, some Chinese and Middle Eastern restaurants have opened, and even though they are good, it's best if you eat Transylvanian food in Oradea because this is what you won't find anywhere else.

• Restaurant Rosecas

  phone: +40 745265673
  address: No. 17 Traian Mosoiu Street

Hotels in Oradea range from modern and gleaming structures with all the amenities to cosy, wonderful and very elegant pensions to old, charming but somewhat uncomfortable hostels. Prices of hotels tend to be fixed, so it's not much use haggling. Note that prices are increasingly being quoted in euro, not Romanian lei (the local currency), and euro is accepted in most places. Hotels in Oradea are cheaper than in Western Europe, but not by an overly significant margin.
As Oradea city center is not that large, anywhere is OK to stay. In the "satellite quarters" of Oradea there are rarely hotels, except in the Nufărul quarter, where it's not worth staying. Try finding accommodation in the city, near Str. Republicii or the Town Hall, or near Bd. Magheru and the Civic Center. Both places are just as good, even though the you will find Str. Republicii accommodation to be probably more desirable, due to the abundance of shopping, dining and partying facilities on the street, which is the liveliest in Oradea. These accommodations are also noisier.

• Hostel Oradea, Str. Mihai Eminescu nr. 11, +40-259-437 011. The building has no sign on it, go through the archway right to the back and turn left. You'll see a doorway with the Hostelling International Logo. Find the groundskeeper, but he only speaks Romanian so maybe grab a local speaker as many Romanians stay here too. €12 per night for a bed in a 4 person room. Spacious, clean and right in the center of town.

• Avalon Hotel

  phone: +40 744 522 523
  address: Primariei nr 35
  Free parking, internet wireless, phone/fax access. Secured access during night, restaurants table reservations and airport transfer.

• Hotel Atlantic

  phone: +40 259 426 911
  address: Str. Iosif Vulcan 9
  A four-star hotel located in a quiet area with a restaurant, air conditioning and minibar in every room, as well as good room service, doors that close with magnetic cards, video security all night, parking, spa, color TV and phone in every room and in-room safes.

• Hotel Ramada

  phone: +40 359403333
  address: Calea Aradului nr.9

Splurge

• Continental Forum Oradea

  phone: +40 372 598 800
  address: Aleea Ştrandului nr 1
  Dacia Continental is the largest hotel in Oradea with conference rooms, bars, swimming pools, secure parking space and thermal spa treatment.

In terms of major problems and on a Romanian scale, Oradea is fairly safe. On a Western European scale, the city is even safer. In fact, you will rarely find problems with organised crime against tourists, or more serious offences. What you will find more abundantly, unfortunately are petty scams or thefts. Keep an eye for beggars, who beg for money and may attempt to distract you while your wallet or watch are snatched.
Concerning tricks and scams, these tend to occur more regularly in Oradea. When exchanging money, don't do so on the black market, as these people generally rip you off. Try to stay away from people selling souvenirs or products at the railway station. These usually aren't of quality and aren't worth buying. Also, when taking a taxi, make sure the taxi is certified.
Kelly's Irish Bar is also in the habit of providing foreign customers with a menu with grossly inflated prices compared to what the locals pay. These menus tend to show the prices in both new and old lei. At least the 'tourist' prices seem not to have risen in line with inflation, but are still higher than what is commonly paid on the Black Sea coast.

• Arad
• Cluj-Napoca
• Debrecen
• Satu Mare