Presidents of the United States

The President is the head of the Executive Branch of the U.S. Government, responsible for enforcing Federal laws that are on the books and has the power to sign or veto bills (prospective laws) passed by Congress. After the initial Founding Father generation died off, the Presidency was often seen as a weak office with notable exception Andrew Jackson, who defied the will of the Supreme Court, and James K. Polk, who launched the Mexican American War. But over time, beginning with the American Civil War, the role of the President has expanded tremendously, leading to talk of an "imperial presidency". However, even after 1865 many presidents exercised less authority than did Lincoln, with Theodore Roosevelt being the first to turn the presidency into the undoubtedly most powerful position in the country after that had become uncommon.
The powers that presidents of the late 20th and 21st century are most associated with are foreign policy, war and peace, and the "bully pulpit" of being able to have their public statements immediately receive TV and newspaper coverage. When the president announces a major speech or wishes to address the nation, TV stations will go so far as pre-empt regularly scheduled programming on short notice. This was not the way newspapers treated presidents in the 19th century. Since the emergence of the United States as the world's dominant power in the post-World War II period, the presidency has been widely regarded as the most powerful position in the world.
The president is elected through a unique electoral college system, meaning that winning the nationwide popular vote does not necessarily win one the election. In this system, each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is assigned a certain number of electoral votes based on its population, which are allocated to candidates based on the election results in that state. This means that it is possible for a candidate to win the election without winning the nationwide popular vote, which has happened five or six times to date — to John Quincy Adams in 1824, Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, Benjamin Harrison in 1888, debatably John F. Kennedy in 1960, George W. Bush in 2000 and most recently, Donald Trump in 2016. As a result of this system, candidates tend to focus their campaign efforts on several key "battleground" states rather than the entire country.
In modern times, the U.S. political landscape is dominated by two parties; the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, with the presidency having been held exclusively by these two parties since the American Civil War.
Every year, the president delivers a speech to a joint sitting of Congress in an event known as the State of the Union Address. This event is steeped in tradition with a lot of pomp and circumstance, and is one of the few times when all branches of the U.S. government gather in a single place. Although attendance is generally limited to special guests that have been invited by the president, it is broadcast live on television by all the major American news channels.

Key: (D ) = Democratic Party; (D-R ) = Democratic-Republican Party; (R ) = Republican Party; (W ) = Whig Party; (F ) = Federalist Party; (U ) = unaffiliated

1. Washington

George Washington (U ), 1789-1797 — The only President to run without a party affiliation, also considered the father of the nation. Many monuments, schools, an entire U.S. state and the federal capital are named in his honor.

• Washington Monument

  phone: +1 202 426-6841
  address: National Mall, Washington, D.C.

• Washington Monument

  address: Intersection of Monument Pl. and Mt Vernon Pl., Baltimore
  At the turn of the 19th century, Baltimorians lobbied for a monument dedicated to the United States' first president, and in 1829 — over a half-century before its more famous counterpart in D.C. — Washington's first monument finished construction. It is now the focal point of the Mount Vernon neighborhood. Visitors can climb to the top (more than 160 feet high) with admission to see a panoramic view of the city.

• George Washington Birthplace National Monument

  phone: +1 804 224-1732 ext 227
  address: 1732 Popes Creek Road, Colonial Beach, Virginia

• George Washington Masonic National Memorial

  address: 101 Callahan Drive, Alexandria, Virginia

• Mount Vernon

  phone: +1 703 780-2000
  address: 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia

• Federal Hall National Memorial

  address: 26 Wall St, Financial District, Manhattan
  On this site on April 30, 1789, George Washington stood on a balcony overlooking Wall Street and was inaugurated as the first president of the United States. The old building on the site had been used as New York's city hall and had hosted some of the first congregations of the colonies in the lead-up to the American Revolution, such as the Stamp Act Congress. After the revolution the building, now Federal Hall, briefly housed Congress, the Supreme Court, and Executive Branch offices before the national capital moved to Philadelphia. The current building dates to 1842 and was used first as a Customs House, then later the US Sub-Treasury (millions of dollars of gold and silver were kept in the basement vaults). Today the building is maintained by the National Park Service as a museum dedicated to the history of the site. Guided tours of the building are available, or you can just walk in and look up at the rotunda and view some of the artifacts, such as the bible Washington used in his inauguration ceremony. Free.

• Germantown White House

  address: 5442 Germantown Ave, Philadelphia/Northwest

Several homes of Washington's direct ancestors and family members have been preserved:

• Sulgrave Manor and Garden

• Washington Old Hall

  address: Washington (England)

• Arlington House

  address: Arlington National Cemetery

During the Revolutionary War, General Washington used a number of houses and other buildings as military headquarters. Several are historical sites today.

• Longfellow House

  phone: +1 617 876-4491
  address: 105 Brattle St, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  The home of famed 19th century poet Henry W. Longfellow also served as headquarters for General George Washington during the Siege of Boston. The full guided tour takes just under an hour; there's a shorter tour which covers just the main floor or the gardens.

• Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site

  address: 84 Liberty St., Newburgh, New York
  Military history museum on a site where Washington rejected the idea of a monarchy, circulating a letter to state governors proposing key principles for the new republic and creating a Badge of Military Merit as the forerunner to the Purple Heart.

• Morris-Jumel Mansion

  phone: +1 212 923-8008
  address: 65 Jumel Terrace, Upper Manhattan
  Built in 1765, this mansion is the oldest house on Manhattan Island, and it served as George Washington's headquarters in 1776. Since turned into a museum set on a 1.5-acre park, it features a decorative-arts collection representing the colonial and Revolutionary War periods. Washington's office is among the twelve restored rooms.

• Fraunces Tavern

  address: 54 Pearl Street, Financial District, Manhattan
  Between 1785-1788, 54 Pearl St. contained the original offices of the Departments of Foreign Affairs, War and Treasury.

Many innkeepers make the claim that "George Washington slept here". Some of the more verifiable claims include:

• Smithfield Inn B&B

  phone: +1 757-357-1752
  address: 112 Main St, Smithfield, Virginia
  Former tavern (1759) and residence with brick fireplaces and low ceilings.

• John Rutledge House Inn

  address: Charleston, South Carolina
  Breakfast inn (1791) with inlaid floors and elaborate ironwork.

2. Adams

John Adams (F ), 1797-1801 — First Vice President and also one of the founders. Lost reelection in part due to the "three-fifths clause" of the Constitution that gave more electoral weight to the South (which supported Jefferson).

• Adams National Historical Park

  phone: +1 617 770-1175
  address: 135 Adams St, Quincy, Massachusetts
  The birthplace of presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams was the farm homestead of five generations, including Ambassador Charles Francis Adams and writers and historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams. A presidential library is on-site; a church where both presidents (and their first ladies) were buried is adjacent.

3. Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (D-R ), 1801-1809 — Principal author of the Declaration of Independence. As President, negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from France which doubled the land area of the U.S., then sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark west from St. Louis on a voyage to explore the new territory. Founded the University of Virginia after leaving office. His gravestone does not mention him being President.

• Jefferson Memorial

  phone: +1 202 426-6841
  address: Washington, D.C.

• Monticello

  phone: +1 434 984-9800
  address: Charlottesville, Virginia
  The residence of Thomas Jefferson. The grounds include the house, the gardens, slave quarters, and Thomas Jefferson's grave. Open daily.

• Tuckahoe Plantation

  phone: +1 804 774-1614
  Boyhood home of Thomas Jefferson.

• Poplar Forest

  phone: +1 434-525-1806
  address: 1542 Bateman Bridge Rd, Forest, Virginia (near Lynchburg)

4. Madison

James Madison (D-R ), 1809-1817 — Considered the "Father of the Bill of Rights". Led the U.S. through the War of 1812.

• Montpelier

  phone: +1 540 672-2728 ext 450
  address: 11350 Constitution Highway, Montpelier Station, Virginia

5. Monroe

James Monroe (D-R ), 1817-1825 — President during the post-War of 1812 "Era of Good Feelings", a brief period of remarkable political unity in which there was only one political party (Monroe ran for reelection unopposed, the only president ever to do so). Liberia's capital Monrovia is named after him, due to his support of the American Colonization Society's efforts to return former slaves to Africa. Asserted the Monroe Doctrine, proscribing future European colonization of the Americas. Acquired Florida from Spain.

• James Monroe Tomb

  address: Hollywood Cemetery, 412 S. Cherry St., Richmond, Virginia

• James Monroe Museum and Memorial Library

  phone: +1 540 654-1043
  address: 908 Charles Street, Fredericksburg, Virginia

• Highland

  phone: +1 434 293-8000
  address: 2050 James Monroe Parkway, Charlottesville, Virginia

6. Adams

John Quincy Adams (D-R ), 1825-1829 — Son of John Adams. Became an opponent of slavery after leaving the White House. Won election in a four way race that had to be decided by the House of Representatives, after he had not come in first in either electoral or popular vote. The first person to become president despite losing the nationwide popular vote.

7. Jackson

Andrew Jackson (D ), 1829-1837 — Before taking office, he won a significant battle over the British in New Orleans in 1815, at the end of the War of 1812. He was also involved in bloody battle against Native Americans; there are several monuments commemorating his military record. While in office, Jackson ordered the forcible relocation of some Native American tribes to what is now Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears; thousands perished en route.

• Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson

  address: Jackson Square
  Following the 1815 Battle of New Orleans against the United Kingdom, the last battle of the 1812 war (taking place after a peace treaty had already been signed in London), the former Place d'Armes was renamed Jackson Square, for the battle's victorious General Jackson. This victory made him a national hero. Alexis de Tocqueville later wrote in Democracy in America that Jackson "was raised to the Presidency, and has been maintained there, solely by the recollection of a victory which he gained, twenty years ago, under the walls of New Orleans." The statue was erected in 1856.

• Large bronze statue of Andrew Jackson

  address: Andrew Jackson State Park, 196 Andrew Jackson Park Road

• Andrew Jackson equestrian bronze sculpture

  address: Lafayette Square
  A 1928 bronze sculpture of Andrew Jackson, identical to the one at Jackson Square, part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. Other identical copies are installed in Nashville, on the grounds of the Tennessee State Capitol; and in Jacksonville, Florida. Other equestrian statues of Jackson have been erected elsewhere, as in the State Capitol grounds in Raleigh, North Carolina, sculpted by Anna Hyatt Huntington, depicting a young Jackson astride a farm horse.

• Horseshoe Bend National Military Park

  phone: +1 256 234-7111
  address: 11288 Horseshoe Bend Rd, Daviston, Alabama
  Major General Andrew Jackson‘s army of 3,300 men slaughtered over 800 of Chief Menawa’s 1,000 Red Stick Creek warriors in battle here on 27 March 1814, inflicting a crushing defeat which ultimately cost the natives 23,000,000 acres of their land.

• The Hermitage

  phone: +1 615 889-2941
  address: 4580 Rachel's Lane, Nashville, Tennessee
  This mansion with its carefully-manicured gardens was once Jackson's home; the facility is now a museum. Jackson's Tomb is nearby.

8. Van Buren

Martin van Buren (D ), 1837-1841 — The only president to speak English as a second language (Dutch was his native language), Van Buren's New York roots are a legacy of the Netherlands in North America. He was also the first president to have been born a citizen of the United States, as all previous presidents had been British subjects at the time of birth.

• Martin Van Buren National Historic Site

  phone: +1 518 758-9689 ext 2040
  address: 1013 Old Post Road, Kinderhook, New York
  Former Van Buren home, tours offered hourly on weekends; the gravesites of President Martin Van Buren, his wife Hannah and his son are nearby, at the Kinderhook Dutch Reformed Cemetery on Albany Ave.

9. Harrison

William Henry Harrison (W ), 1841 — First president to die in office, only a month after his inauguration. The first of an odd pattern of deaths in office at twenty-year intervals which continued through Lincoln (elected 1860) to Kennedy (elected 1960) and was claimed by some to be a native curse dating from Tecumseh and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

• Public monuments

• statue at the base of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument in downtown Indianapolis
• a bronze statue of Harrison on horseback Cincinnati's Piatt Park
• the Tippecanoe County Courthouse in Lafayette, Indiana
• a limestone-relief carving is part of a sculpture in front of the Harrison County visitors' center in Corydon, Indiana
• the Ten O'Clock Line Monument in Owen County, Indiana

Grouseland

phone: +1 812 882-2096

address: 3 West Scott St., Vincennes, Indiana

The residence of Harrison while Governor of the Indiana territory.

William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial

address: 41 Cliff Rd., North Bend, OH

10. Tyler

John Tyler (U ), 1841-1845 — First vice-president to assume the presidency upon the death of his predecessor. Elected as a Whig, but expelled from the party soon after his inauguration after a clash with powerful senator Henry Clay and the resignation of nearly his entire Cabinet; unaffiliated with any party for most of his term. Approved the annexation of Texas only a few days before leaving office.

• Sherwood Forest Plantation

  phone: +1 804 829-5377
  address: Charles City, Virginia
  House tours are available by appointment.

11. Polk

James K. Polk (D ), 1845-1849 — Polk's single term was a time of rapid territorial expansion: the annexation of Texas was finalized, the Mexican-American War ended with the U.S. conquering the northern third of Mexico, i.e. California and much of the modern-day Southwest, and the Oregon Treaty with Great Britain added what's now the Pacific Northwest and Idaho.

• James K. Polk Ancestral Home

  phone: +1 931 388-2354
  address: 301 W. 7th Street, Columbia, Tennessee

• President James K. Polk Historic Site

  phone: +1 704 889-7145
  address: Pineville, North Carolina

12. Taylor

Zachary Taylor (W ), 1849-1850 — Second president to die in office. Sometimes speculated to have been poisoned by hardline pro-slavery people.

• Zachary Taylor National Cemetery

  phone: +1 502 893-3852
  address: 4701 Brownsboro Road, Louisville, Kentucky

13. Fillmore

Millard Fillmore (W ), 1850-1853 — Signed the Compromise of 1850, which staved off civil war for awhile longer at the price of enraging both sides of the slavery dispute. As his Fugitive Slave Act allowed Southern slave catchers to forcibly abduct freedom seekers in Northern states, a clandestine Underground Railroad was assembled by anti-slavery Northerners and free blacks to spirit fugitives onward to freedom in Canada.

• Millard Fillmore Museum

  phone: +1 716 652-4735
  address: 24 Shearer Ave., East Aurora, New York
  The only remaining residence (other than the White House) of President Fillmore, who built the house himself and resided in it from 1826 to 1830. It's now restored to its period appearance and furnished with authentic pieces belonging to the Fillmore family. One-hour tours. Listed as a National Historic Landmark.

14. Pierce

Franklin Pierce (D ), 1853-1857 — Presided over the "Gadsden Purchase" of what is now southern Arizona and New Mexico, the last major land acquisition in what is now the contiguous U.S. The land was supposed to be used for a southerly route of a transcontinental railroad, but that plan never materialized.

• Franklin Pierce Homestead

  phone: +1 603 478-3165
  address: 301 2nd NH Turnpike, Hillsborough, New Hampshire

• The Pierce Manse

  phone: +1 603 225-4555
  address: 14 Horseshoe Pond Lane, Concord, New Hampshire
  Franklin Pierce's family home is open for guided tours June-October.

15. Buchanan

James Buchanan (D ), 1857-1861 — Chosen largely because he had been abroad during the time the debate over slavery got heated. Did nothing during the secession crisis. Several members of his cabinet became openly pro-secession during his lame duck period, with Buchanan doing nothing to stop it.

• Buchanan's Birthplace State Park

  address: near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania

• James Buchanan Memorial

  address: Meridian Hill Park, Northwest, Washington, D.C

• Wheatland (James Buchanan House)

  phone: +1 717-392-4633
  address: 1120 Marietta Ave., Lancaster, Pennsylvania

16. Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (R ), 1861-1865 — His election led 11 Southern states to secede, causing the American Civil War. However, he led the remaining U.S. states, called the Union, to victory over the Southern states, and abolished slavery nationwide. Assassinated in 1865, the first of four U.S. presidents to suffer such a fate.

• Ford's Theatre Museum

  phone: +1 202 347-4833
  address: 511 10th St. NW, Washington, D.C.
  A great museum detailing the life of Abraham Lincoln and the place where he was assassinated.

• Lincoln Memorial

  address: National Mall, Washington, D.C
  Most of the D.C. memorials, especially those for U.S. leaders, are meant to awe and impress in a very direct manner. None more so than this impressive monument in a commanding location at the end of the Mall. Modeled after the Greek Temple of Zeus, Lincoln sits with a commanding presence overlooking the reflecting pool, straight across the Mall to the Washington Monument and beyond it the Capitol Building. Few monuments in the world can match the simple power of the Lincoln Memorial at night.

• Lincoln Tomb

  address: Oak Ridge Cemetery, 1441 Monument Ave., Springfield, Illinois

• Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park

  phone: +1 270 358-3137
  address: 2995 Lincoln Farm Road, Hodgenville, Kentucky

• Lincoln Museum

  phone: +1 270 358-3163
  address: 66 Lincoln Square, Hodgenville, Kentucky

• Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial

  phone: +1 812 937-4541
  address: Lincoln City, Indiana
  See Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial for further details.

• Lincoln Home National Historic Site

  phone: +1 217 492-4241
  address: 413 S. 8th Street, Springfield, Illinois
  The site features Abraham Lincoln's residence of 17 years, beautifully restored to its 1860 appearance. Entry to the home is only by ranger guided tour, but tickets can be obtained at the Visitor Center desk, and admission is free. The Visitor Center also offers an orientation film, along with other exhibits that change periodically. In addition to the home, a four-block area has been preserved to look as it would in Lincoln's time period. Several of the other homes feature exhibits as well.

• Lincoln Depot Museum

  phone: +1 914 402-4318
  address: 10 S. Water Street, Peekskill, New York

• Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum

  address: 212 N 6th St, Springfield, Illinois

• Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site

  phone: +1 217 345-1845
  address: 402 S. Lincoln Highway Rd , Lerna, Illinois

• President Lincoln's Cottage at the Solder's Home

  address: Rock Creek Church Rd & Upshur St NW, Petworth, Washington, D.C.

• Vandalia State House

  address: Vandalia, Illinois

17. Johnson

Andrew Johnson (D ), 1865-1869 — Elected to the Vice Presidency in the midst of the Civil War as a "war Democrat" on a "National Union" ticket with Lincoln; ascended to presidency after Lincoln's assassination and was later unsuccessfully impeached due to disputes with Republicans in Congress over the postwar "reconstruction" of the South. Signed the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

• Andrew Johnson National Historic Site

  phone: +1 423 638-3551
  address: 121 Monument Ave., Greeneville, Tennessee

• President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library

  address: Tusculum University, Greeneville, Tennessee

• Mordecai House

  phone: +1 919 996 4364
  address: 1 Mimosa St. Raleigh, North Carolina
  Andrew Johnson's birthplace is located on the house's grounds

18. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant (R ), 1869-1877 — Union general who accepted the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox. Last president to try to advance African-American civil rights for several decades. Decisively smashed the first iteration of the Ku Klux Klan. Wrote a widely acclaimed and bestselling autobiography that deals with his pre-presidential life.

• Grant's Tomb

  phone: +1 212 666-1640
  address: Riverside Drive and 122nd St., Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, New York
  General Ulysses S. Grant and his wife are buried in this imposing mausoleum, the largest tomb in North America. If you come when it is closed, you can still see the impressive facade, but coming during open hours gives you the opportunity to view the murals, the tomb and various documentation inside. Across Riverside Drive, there is a viewpoint to look across the Hudson River, a museum, gift shop and restrooms.

• Grant Birthplace

  phone: +1 513 497-0492
  address: 1551 State Route 232, Point Pleasant, Ohio

• Grant Boyhood Home

  phone: +1 877 372-8177
  address: 219 East Grant Avenue, Georgetown, Ohio

• Grant Cottage State Historic Site

  phone: +1 518 584-4353
  address: 1000 Mt McGregor Rd., Wilton, New York

• Ulysses S. Grant Home

  address: 511 Bouthillier St., Galena, Illinois
  This was the place where Grant worked as "lackluster clerk" (according to the Ken Burns documentary about the American Civil War) before re-joining the Army and rising to be the highest ranking Union general of his age famed for winning the war - a fame which would ultimately propel him to the White House

• White Haven

  phone: +1 314 842-1867
  address: 7400 Grant Road, St. Louis, Missouri
  The plantation of Grant's in-laws, the Dents. Grant lived here for a period and even owned a slave, who he later freed despite the economic hardship he was in. By all accounts, Grant was a terrible slave owner by the standards of his time as he treated his and his inlaw's slaves with humanity and respect, never whipping them and "paying them too much".

• Ulysses S. Grant Memorial

  address: west of the Capitol, Washington, D.C

19. Hayes

Rutherford B. Hayes (R ), 1877-1881 — called "Rutherfraud" due to the dubious nature of his election in which he lost the popular vote. Democrats accepted his election in return for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South — often considered the end of Reconstruction — which led to the disenfranchisement of African-Americans and many poor whites. Mediated in the aftermath of a war that pitted Paraguay against Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil; widely seen as a national hero in Paraguay due to this.

• Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library and Museums

  phone: +1 419 332-2081
  address: Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio

20. Garfield

James Garfield (R ), 1881 — Assassinated after only a few months in office, apparently by somebody who felt snubbed for an appointment to federal office.

• James A. Garfield National Historic Site

  phone: +1 440 255-8722
  address: 8095 Mentor Avenue, Mentor, Ohio

• James A. Garfield Monument

  address: First Street, S.W., and Maryland Avenue, Washington, D.C.

21. Arthur

Chester Arthur (R ), 1881-1885 — Garfield's former vice-president, initially widely mistrusted as a protégé of corrupt New York State Republican boss Roscoe Conkling, unexpectedly embraced the cause of civil service reform, rooting out cronyism in political hiring. Signed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, which prohibited all ethnic Chinese from immigrating to the U.S.

• Chester Alan Arthur State Historic Site

  phone: +1 802 933-8362
  address: 4588 Chester Arthur Rd., Fairfield, Vermont (near St. Albans)

22+24. Cleveland

Grover Cleveland (D ), 1885-1889 and 1893-1897 — The only president to serve two terms non-consecutively. Campaigned on a promise to clean up corruption and end the spoils system (as he had done as governor of New York). His second term was hampered by an economic depression and labor unrest, including the Pullman Strike of 1893 which he brutally suppressed. His non-interventionist foreign policy and support of Venezuela in its dispute with British Guiana helped improve U.S. relations with Latin America.

• Grover Cleveland Birthplace

  address: 207 Bloomfield Avenue, Caldwell, New Jersey

23. Harrison

Benjamin Harrison (R ), 1889-1893 — Grandson of William Henry Harrison. Continued to clean up corruption, but sharply increased the tariffs that his predecessor had lowered. Passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, the first meaningful attempt by the government to curb the power of big business. Established the first National Forests. A vociferous supporter of civil rights who advocated in vain for the enforcement of voting rights for black Southerners and a bigger federal role in education.

• Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site

  phone: +1 317 631-1888
  address: 1230 North Delaware Street, Indianapolis, Indiana

25. McKinley

William McKinley (R ), 1897-1901 — Presided over the brief Spanish-American War which ended with Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba becoming American colonies. The Philippines were also ceded by Spain but remained in rebellion against U.S. rule into the Roosevelt administration. Also responsible for the annexation of Hawaii. Assassinated.

• McKinley Monument

  address: Niagara Square, Buffalo, New York
  Erected in 1907 in commemoration of the assassination of President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition exactly six years prior, this gleaming 96-foot (29 m) obelisk of Vermont marble was designed by the architectural firm of Carrere and Hastings. The lions and turtles resting at its base (symbols, respectively, of strength and eternal life) were carved by well-known sculptor A. Phimister Proctor. The monument was also the subject of Carl Sandburg's poem "Slants at Buffalo, New York".

• McKinley Death Rock

  address: in front of 30 Fordham Drive, Buffalo, New York
  On the center island in the middle of Fordham Drive, in the residential neighborhood situated on what once were the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition, is a small rock with a historic plaque marking the spot where President McKinley was standing when felled by the bullet of his assassin, Leon Czolgosz.

• William McKinley Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 330 455-7043
  address: 800 McKinley Monument Drive NW, Canton, Ohio
  Historical museum containing the largest collection of artifacts in the world related to McKinley, chronicling his life from childhood through his Civil War service, his time in the House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio, and his presidency and assassination, as well as the presidential archive in a separate wing of the building. The McKinley National Memorial, the domed mausoleum that serves as his final resting place, is also part of the complex; it stands on a hill behind the museum and boasts panoramic views over the surrounding area. The museum also contains exhibits related to local history in general and, somewhat incongruously, also a science center with fossils, stuffed wildlife, and a planetarium.

• National McKinley Birthplace Memorial

  address: 40 N. Main Street, Niles, Ohio

26. Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt (R ), 1901-1909 — Spanish-American War hero who rose from the New York governorship to the Vice-Presidency to the Presidency (after McKinley was assassinated) in only three years. A popular president famous as a progressive "trust buster" who opposed the corrupt practices of big business, and as a conservationist who championed the establishment of many national parks and other protected lands. The youngest person to ever assume the office.

• Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site

  phone: +1 716 884-0095
  address: 641 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, New York
  In September 1901, several days after President William McKinley was assassinated at Buffalo's Pan-American Exposition, Theodore Roosevelt stayed at the 1838 Greek Revival home of his friend, local lawyer and politico Ansley Wilcox, and the Oath of Office was administered to him there. A planned demolition of the house in the early 1960s was averted at the last minute, and today the Wilcox Mansion has been thoroughly restored inside and out, and features historical displays related to Roosevelt, McKinley and the Exposition as well as occasional temporary exhibits. The grounds are planted with herb and flower gardens in season.

• Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace

  phone: +1 212 260-1616
  address: 28 East 20th St., Flatiron, Manhattan, New York, New York
  A designated National Historic Site, Roosevelt lived at this site from his birth in 1858 until the age of 14 years. The building is not the original - that was demolished in 1916 - but a reconstruction erected by admirers only three years later in 1919 after Roosevelt's death, and subsequently furnished with many of the original fittings and memorabilia of the 26th US President by Roosevelt's wife and sisters.

• Sagamore Hill

  address: 20 Sagamore Hill Rd., Oyster Bay, New York
  The summer home of President Theodore Roosevelt. Includes tours, a museum, and a visitor center. It is run by the National Park Service. From the website: Access to the Theodore Roosevelt Home is only by guided tour. Same-day tickets can be purchased on a first come, first served basis from the Visitor Center. Advanced reservations to tour Theodore Roosevelt's home can be booked through Recreation.gov or call +1 877 444-6777.

• Theodore Roosevelt Island

  phone: +1 703 289-2500
  address: 700 George Washington Memorial Pkwy, McLean, Virginia
  Forest with trails, kayaking on Potomac River.

• Theodore Roosevelt National Park

27. Taft

William Howard Taft (R ), 1909-1913 — Though initially popular, the policies of Roosevelt's heir apparent so disappointed Republican leaders as insufficiently progressive that they caused a split in the party, and he placed third in his reelection bid. Later became the only ex-president to be nominated to the Supreme Court, as Chief Justice.

• William Howard Taft National Historic Site

  phone: +1 513 684-3262
  address: 2038 Auburn Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio

28. Wilson

Woodrow Wilson (D ), 1913-1921 — First Southern president elected since the Civil War. Won reelection by promising to keep the U.S. out of World War I; later reluctantly entered the war anyway and helped bring it to a speedy end. Was incapacitated for the final 17 months of his presidency by a series of strokes; many say his wife served as de facto Chief Executive during this time.

• Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library and Museum

  phone: +1 540 885-0897
  address: 20 N. Coalter Street, Staunton, Virginia

• Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home

  phone: +1 706 722-9828
  address: 419 7th Street, Augusta, Georgia

• Thomas Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home

  phone: +1 803 252-7742
  address: 1705 Hampton Street, Columbia, South Carolina

• Woodrow Wilson House

  phone: +1 202 387-4062
  address: 2340 S St., NW, Washington, D.C.

29. Harding

Warren G. Harding (R ), 1921-1923 — Campaigned on a promise of a postwar "return to normalcy", and accordingly oversaw an uneventful presidency. Notable today mostly for multiple corruption scandals involving members of his Cabinet. Died in office of natural causes.

• Harding Home

  address: 380 Mt. Vernon Ave., Marion, Ohio
  It is closed for restoration and will reopen on May 23, 2020.

30. Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge (R ), 1923-1929 — Presiding over a politically uneventful economic boom, Coolidge's economic policies (tax cuts, disdain for government regulation of business) had much in common with today's Republican Party; his relatively outspoken support for civil rights did not.

• Coolidge Homestead

  phone: +1 802 672-3773
  address: 3780 Route 100A, Plymouth Notch, Vermont

• Plymouth Notch Cemetery

  address: Plymouth Notch, Vermont
  Burial place of Calvin Coolidge.

• Calvin Coolidge Presidential Library and Museum at Forbes Library

  phone: +1 413 587-1011
  address: Northampton, Massachusetts
  The only presidential collection held by a local public library.

31. Hoover

Herbert Hoover (R ), 1929-1933 — Share prices on stock markets had been bid up to unsustainable levels through the Roaring Twenties, but crashed dramatically in 1929 at the start of the Great Depression. Shantytowns for unemployed workers were known as "Hoovervilles", vehicles pulled by horses for want of money for fuel were "Hoover wagons", and an empty trousers pocket turned inside-out was a "Hoover flag". Hoover's inaction was blamed for worsening the Depression, but he later earned a reputation as a great philanthropist.

• Herbert Hoover Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 319 643-5301
  address: 210 Parkside Drive, West Branch, Iowa

• Hoover–Minthorn House

  phone: +1 503 538-6629
  address: 115 S. River Street, Newberg, Oregon

• Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

  phone: +1 319 643-2541
  address: West Branch, Iowa

• Hoover Dam

  phone: +1 702 494-2517
  This $49-million concrete arch-gravity dam, constructed 1931-1936 on the Colorado River, borders Nevada and Arizona. A product of the Great Depression, its hydroelectric station generates two gigawatts of power. There is a visitor facility and a $15 tour of the power station.

• Rapidan Camp

  phone: +1 540 999-3500
  address: Shenandoah National Park, 3655 US Rte 211 E, Luray, Virginia
  The president's cabin, the Brown House, is historically refurnished to the 1929 era with a ranger-guided tour in high season.

• Hoover Tower

  address: near Palo Alto, California
  Observation tower on Stanford University campus.

32. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt (D ), 1933-1945 — A distant cousin of Theodore Roosevelt, he was the only president to serve more than two terms. Enacted major economic relief legislation, known as the "New Deal", in response to the Great Depression and shepherded the U.S. through most of World War II before dying in office. Forcibly interned many ethnic Japanese in concentration camps for the duration of World War II.

• Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum

  address: 4079 Albany Post Rd., Hyde Park, New York
  This is the first presidential library opened by the National Archives, and to date the only one used by its namesake while in office.

• Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site

  phone: +1 845 229-9115
  address: 4097 Albany Post Rd., Hyde Park, New York

• Roosevelt's Little White House Historic Site

  address: Warm Springs, Georgia

• Campobello Island

  address: New Brunswick, Canada
  A 34-room "cottage" on Campobello was FDR's long-time Atlantic summer retreat; Roosevelt Campobello International Park is maintained in his memory.

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial

  phone: +1 202 426-6841
  address: 900 Ohio Drive SW, Washington DC

• Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park

  phone: +1 212 204-8831
  address: Manhattan/Roosevelt Island
  Park at southern end of Roosevelt Island, between Manhattan and Queens, celebrates the "Four Freedoms" in his 1941 State of the Union: Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. It's next to the ruins of the Smallpox Hospital and has views of the city skyline and East River.

• Waldorf Astoria New York

  address: Manhattan/Midtown East
  Luxury hotel where Roosevelt used to stay whenever he made presidential visits to New York City. There is a secret train platform, which is not accessible to the public, under the hotel which Roosevelt used to get to his hotel room unseen whenever he travelled here, and a secret elevator that carried his car to and from platform. The special armored train carriage that Roosevelt used is parked on the platform. Closed for renovations until 2021.

33. Truman

Harry S. Truman (D ), 1945-1953 — Ordered the nuclear bombing of Japan that brought an end to World War II; won an upset re-election victory in 1948, leading to the "Dewey defeats Truman" headline. Desegregated the U.S. military, kicking off the Democrats' transition toward favoring African-American civil rights. Sent U.S. troops to Korea to assist the U.S.-allied south after it was invaded by the Communist north.

• Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum

  address: 500 W. U.S. Hwy 24, Independence, Missouri
  Hailed as America's "best presidential museum" by the Dallas Morning News, the Truman Library offers theaters, a museum, store, and some interactive "hands-on" exhibits together with a "Decision Theater." The museum contains a colorful mural by Thomas Hart Benton, together with a reproduction of the Oval Office. The displays seek to educate patrons about the major world-shaping decisions that Truman was involved in as President (including the use of the Atom Bomb during WWII, and the formation of the UN), together with details of his personal life. The lower level offers an area where kids can dress up like Harry and Bess, explore "feely" boxes, engage in an interactive computerized race, sort mail, make campaign buttons and posters and play a trivia game.

• Harry S. Truman Birthplace State Historic Site

  phone: +1 417 682-2279
  address: Lamar, Barton County, Missouri

• Harry S. Truman Farm Home

  address: 12301 Blue Ridge Blvd, Grandview, Missouri

• Harry S. Truman National Historic Site

  phone: +1 816 254-2720
  address: 223 North Main Street, Independence, Missouri

• Harry S. Truman Little White House

  phone: +1 305 294-9911
  address: 111 Front St. in Key West, Florida

34. Eisenhower

Dwight D. Eisenhower (R ), 1953-1961 — Former World War II general who presided over the postwar economic boom. Arranged a ceasefire in the Korean War. Signed important civil rights legislation and ordered the desegregation by military force of Little Rock Central High School. Pushed for construction of the Interstate Highway System for its military value. Established NASA and launched the Space Race with the Soviet Union.

• Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 785 263-6700
  address: 200 SE. Fourth St, Abilene, Kansas

• Eisenhower National Historic Site

  phone: +1 717 338-9114
  address: 1195 Baltimore Pike, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

• Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site

  phone: +1 903 465-8908
  address: 609 S. Lamar, Denison, Texas

35. Kennedy

John F. Kennedy (D ), 1961-1963 — First Roman Catholic U.S. president, and the youngest person ever to be elected president (age 43 in 1961). His attempted invasion of Communist Cuba was an abject failure, but his deft diplomacy during the subsequent Cuban Missile Crisis narrowly avoided nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Sent U.S. troops to Vietnam. Assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas in 1963.

• John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 617 514-1600
  address: Columbia Point, Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts

• The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza

  phone: +1 214 747-6660
  address: 411 Elm St., Suite 120, Dallas, Texas
  Dallas was the site of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The Texas Book Depository is the site where shots were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald. The museum is on the sixth floor of the same building, with an extra exhibition on the seventh. It is a moving experience with videos, full-wall descriptions and photographs, along with artifacts from the event. The museum's gift shop is in a different building.

• John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site

  phone: +1 617 566-7937
  address: 83 Beals Street, Brookline, Massachusetts

• John F. Kennedy Hyannis Museum

  phone: +1 508 790-3077
  address: 397 Main Street, Hyannis, Massachusetts

• John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame

  address: Arlington National Cemetery

• Yad Kennedy Memorial Lookout

  address: Mateh Yehuda (מטה יהודה‬), near West Jerusalem
  "And to them will I give in my house and within my walls a memorial and a name." - Isaiah 56:5. This 60' (18 m) Israeli memorial to JFK on a hill overlooking Jerusalem is shaped to resemble a stump of a felled tree, representing a life cut short.

36. Johnson

Lyndon B. Johnson (D ), 1963-1969 — Former leader of the U.S. Senate from Texas who became president after Kennedy's assassination. Signed the most expansive package of civil rights and social welfare legislation in U.S. history, the so-called "Great Society". Oversaw the Apollo space program that would later send astronauts to the Moon. Escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam; conscription for this unpopular war drew widespread protests, draft-dodging, and requests for deferrals on medical or educational grounds. No relation to Andrew Johnson.

• Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 512 721-0200
  address: 2313 Red River Street, Austin, Texas

• Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park

  phone: +1 830 868-7128
  address: Blanco and Gillespie counties, Texas
  See Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park for further details.

• LBJ Memorial Grove on the Potomac

  address: Washington, D.C.

37. Nixon

Richard Nixon (R ), 1969-1974 — Escalated, but then withdrew U.S. troops from the Vietnam War. Established a diplomatic relationship with Communist China. Removed the U.S. dollar from the gold standard. Created the Environmental Protection Agency to tackle pollution. Established Amtrak to end the terminal decline of America's (freight) railroads. Resigned from office (the only president ever to do so) under threat of almost certain impeachment in the wake of the Watergate scandal, one of the most far-reaching incidents of political corruption in American history.

• Richard Nixon Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 714 983-9120
  address: 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard, Yorba Linda, California

• Watergate Hotel

  address: 2650 Virginia Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.
  There's no record indicating Nixon ever slept at the Watergate, but it did play a pivotal role in the later years of his administration. One of a group of six buildings; the attached Watergate Office Building (2600 Virginia Ave NW) housed the offices of a rival political party, inextricably linking the name to the Watergate burglary of 1972.

38. Ford

Gerald Ford (R ), 1974-1977 — A former college football star, Ford was appointed Vice-President after Spiro Agnew's resignation and succeeded to the presidency after Nixon's resignation, becoming the only person to serve as president without being elected on a presidential ticket. Pardoned Nixon in September 1974 "for all offenses against the United States which he... has committed or may have committed", an unpopular move that was a factor in his narrow defeat in the 1976 election.

• Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library

  phone: +1 734 205-0555
  address: 1000 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan
  The Gerald Ford Library collects and preserves the papers from Gerald Ford's presidency, including over 20 million pages of memos, letters, and personal papers. The collection also includes photographs, videotapes, audiotapes, and film. While these materials are by appointment only, there are free exhibits in the lobby on the life of President and Mrs. Ford, as well as a 20-minute film, narrated by President Ford. The Library hosts free evening events - author talks and programs by notable individuals.

• Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum

  phone: +1 616 254-0400
  address: 303 Pearl Street, Grand Rapids, Michigan
  Permanent and changing exhibits, highlights include Watergate break-in tools, State Gifts, Bicentennial materials, Oval Office, and interactives. Betty Ford Daylily on display, seasonally, in Betty Ford Garden. President and Mrs. Ford's final resting places are just north of the museum.

39. Carter

Jimmy Carter (D ), 1977-1981 — Former peanut farmer turned governor of Georgia. Pardoned all Vietnam War "draft dodgers", brokered peace between Egypt and Israel, but had rocky relations with Congress. Continued the monetary policies which sustained double-digit inflation during the Nixon/Ford administrations. Was perceived as weak in office due to his handling of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, his reaction to the 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution, and his handling of an influx of former prisoners from Cuba. Gained respect as an elder statesman and peacemaker after leaving office. He is the oldest living ex-president, and still active in charitable ventures as of 2019.

• Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 404 865-7100
  address: 441 Freedom Parkway, Atlanta, Georgia

• Jimmy Carter National Historic Site

  phone: +1 229 824-4104 ext 0
  address: 300 North Bond Street, Plains, Georgia

40. Reagan

Ronald Reagan (R ), 1981-1989 — 1940s and '50s-era movie star turned California governor; one of two presidents to hold a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His "Reaganomics" economic policy involved big tax cuts and curtailing regulations on businesses. Abruptly ended the policy of using inflation to lower unemployment. Took hardline positions opposing communism in Eastern Europe and confronting trade unions at home. Despite scandals about covert aid to Nicaraguan anti-communists and covert arms sales to Iran, he remained popular. To date the oldest President upon leaving office.

• Ronald Reagan Presidential Library & Museum

  address: 40 Presidential Drive, Simi Valley, California

• Ronald Reagan Pub

Ronald Reagan Birthplace & Museum

phone: +1 815 622-8705

address: 111-113 S. Main Street, Tampico, Illinois

Ronald Reagan Museum & Peace Garden

phone: +1 309-467-6407

address: 300 E College Ave, Eureka, Illinois

Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home

phone: +1 815 288-5176

address: 816 S. Hennepin Ave., Dixon, Illinois

Höfði

address: Borgartún 105, Reykjavík, Iceland

It was built in 1909 as the French consulate, and hosted a meeting between Reagan and Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986.

41. Bush

George H. W. Bush (R ), 1989-1993 — Vice-President under Reagan. Led the U.S. into a 5-week war with Iraq after it invaded Kuwait. Was criticized on economic issues; declared "read my lips, no new taxes" before raising taxes. Popular during the Gulf War, a recession toward the end of his term in office cost him support. The Berlin Wall fell and Germany was reunited during his time in office.

• George Bush Presidential Library & Museum

  address: 1000 George Bush Drive West, College Station, Texas

42. Clinton

Bill Clinton (D ), 1993-2001 — Former governor of Arkansas. A centrist "new Democrat" who took many positions more typical of Republicans, such as cutting social programs and cracking down on crime and illegal immigration. Signed a free trade agreement with Canada and Mexico. Sent U.S. troops to intervene in conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and Somalia. An attempt to let gays freely serve in the armed forces ended in a flawed compromise. His signature health care plan was defeated in Congress. Involvement with the Whitewater Development Corp. drew Clinton into controversy, and he was unsuccessfully impeached for trying to cover up a sex scandal. Presided over the last federal budget surplus to date.

• William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 501 374-4242
  address: 1200 President Clinton Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas

• William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site

  phone: +1 870 777-4455
  address: 117 South Hervey St., Hope, Arkansas

43. Bush

George W. Bush (R ), 2001-2009 — Son of George H. W. Bush. In the wake of massive terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. in 2001, led the U.S. into lengthy and still-ongoing wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Exploited fear of terrorism to curtail civil liberties under the Patriot Act of 2001 and ended passport-free travel from Canada and other adjacent nations in 2007, while relaxing laws governing the banking sector. Markets were bullish during much of the early 2000s, only to crash into recession during the subprime mortgage collapse of 2008 and the bankruptcy of Detroit auto makers GM and Chrysler in 2009.

• George W. Bush Presidential Library & Museum

  phone: +1 214 200-4306
  address: 2943 SMU Blvd., Dallas, Texas

• George W. Bush Childhood Home

  phone: +1 432 685-1112
  address: 1412 West Ohio Avenue, Midland, Texas

44. Obama

Barack Obama (D ), 2009-2017 — First African-American president. Took office during the Great Recession on a platform of "hope and change", briefly had government take equity in domestic auto makers to save manufacturing jobs and continued efforts to bail out the beleaguered financial sector. Signed the first national health insurance law intended to cover all U.S. citizens. Supported measures to defer deportation of people brought illegally to the U.S. in childhood, while increasing deportations of other migrants. Restored diplomatic relations with Cuba in 2015 after a break of 54 years.

• Jackson Park (Chicago)

  address: 6401 South Stony Island Ave, Woodlawn, Chicago
  Host site of the Chicago World's Fair in 1893, this 500-acre park is the proposed future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center and library. The park includes a Museum of Science and Industry, woodland trails, playing fields, a Japanese garden, a beach, a golf course, and a boat harbor. The adjacent Hyde Park neighborhood is home to various Obama-related attractions, including the Obama House, miscellaneous plaques, and restaurants where he used to eat when he lived there.

45. Trump

Donald Trump (R ), 2017-present — A billionaire businessman and television personality who is the first president to have held no prior elected or military office. His campaign platform included a Mexican border wall to reduce immigration from Latin America, a ban on Muslim travel to the U.S., international trade restrictions, climate change denial, and a promise to bring heavy industry and coal mining jobs back to the U.S. His campaign and presidency have coincided with the rise of white nationalism. He is the oldest person to assume the office.

• Old Post Office (Trump Hotel)

  address: 1100 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington DC
  Donald Trump is a real estate developer by trade; a chain of Trump Hotels bears his family's name. The Old Post Office in Washington is leased to the Trump Organization by the government. The building's Tower is run by the National Park Service, containing the Bells of Congress and an observation deck.

• Mar-a-Lago Club

  address: 1100 S. Ocean Blvd, Palm Beach (Florida)
  A luxury golf resort owned by Donald Trump, where he regularly spends his weekends, and sometimes hosts state guests. Membership in the club, while theoretically possible for the general public, is very expensive with an eye-watering $200,000 intiation fee.

• Trump Tower

  address: 721 5th Ave, Midtown East, New York City, New York
  The headquarters of the Trump Organization, Donald Trump's eponymous company. The tower also contains a penthouse that was Trump's primary residence prior to moving into the White House. While the penthouse is off limits, the tower contains numerous retail business, including several shops and restaurants, that may be visited by the general public.

• The White House

  phone: +1 202-456-1111
  address: 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C.
  The residence of every U.S. President since John Adams (in 1800), was set ablaze by British troops during the Burning of Washington (in 1814). Public tours focusing on the historic and social spaces in the East Wing can be scheduled (well) in advance through your Senator or Representative.

• The Henry Ford Museum

  phone: +1 313 982-6001
  address: 20900 Oakwood Blvd., Dearborn, Michigan
  Exhibits include presidential parade cars that transported Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush including the 1961 Lincoln Continental Presidential Limousine that John F. Kennedy was riding in when assassinated.

• The Hall of Presidents

  address: Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando, Florida
  An attraction in Liberty Square at the Magic Kingdom.

• Presidential Archives and Leadership Library

  address: 4919 East University Blvd., Odessa, Texas
  A museum established at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin soon after the 1963 Kennedy assassination has since expanded to cover all of the historic presidents and first ladies.

• SAM-970 (Air Force One)

  address: Seattle/Sodo-Georgetown
  Older presidential aircraft are sometimes donated to museums, and you can visit SAM 970, a Boeing 707 which served as Air Force One for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon at the Museum of Flight outside of Seattle.

• Presidential Gallery at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force

  address: 1100 Spaatz St, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

• Grosvenor Square

  address: Mayfair, London, United Kingdom
  Home of the US Embassy to London from 1938-2018, this square includes monuments to FDR, Dwight Eisenhower, and Ronald Reagan. Eisenhower established a military headquarters here during World War II.

A few public houses have presidential themes.

• Founding Fathers Pub

  phone: +1 716 855-8944
  address: 75 Edward St., Buffalo, New York
  A presidential-themed pub whose walls are decorated with portraits and memorabilia representing all 44 men who've held the office. Run by a former social studies teacher famous for quizzing patrons on American history from behind the bar, it's home to pub trivia the first Tuesday night of each month where the topic is, of course, American presidents.

• City Tavern

  phone: +1 215 413-1443
  address: 138 South 2nd St at Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA
  1976-era replica of a public house popular among the Founding Fathers of the U.S.

• Presidential Lounge at the Mission Inn

  address: Riverside, California
  Portraits in the Presidential Lounge commemorate the ten U.S. presidents to visit the The Mission Inn Hotel and Spa. The lounge serves mixed drinks, including the JFK Cosmopolitan or Herbert Hoover Lemon Drop. Live jazz on weekends.

• The Hall of Presidents Before Washington

  address: The Westin Hotel, 100 Westgate Circle, Annapolis, Maryland
  Free exhibit featuring the 14 presidents of the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1789 who were in office while George Washington was still a general. in the Westin Hotel near the Annapolis waterfront.

• Grave of and statue honoring David Rice Atchison

  address: Plattsburg, Missouri
  After the 1848 election, President-elect Zachary Taylor refused to be sworn in on a Sunday, even though inauguration day fell on that day that year. Thereby some claim that on that very Sunday David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the Senate and - under the rules in place at the time - next in line to the Presidency, was "President for a day" on that day. At any rate his tombstone and a statue dedicated to him repeat that claim.

• Mount Rushmore — a carving into Mount Rushmore, showing the faces of four of the national Presidents, was featured in the film North by Northwest and is one of the most iconic landmarks in South Dakota.
• North American history