São Luís

São Luís's people, history and culture is marked by a distinctive fusion of Portuguese, indigenous Brazilian and African elements, such as its highly popular local version of the Bumba meu boi festival, happening yearly in June and July. The reggae music from the Caribbean is also immensely popular in São Luís, often referred to as the "Brazilian Jamaica".

History

São Luís was founded by the French invaders in 1612, and taken over by the Portuguese in 1615. It was subsequently conquered by Dutch invaders in 1641, and finally, re-taken over for good by the Portuguese in 1644. The city prospered between the 17th and 19th centuries by means of export-oriented plantations (especially cotton) and slave trade. The city's Historical Center, a World heritage site, with buildings with beautiful azulejo (tiles) walls and the cobblestone streets, has been erected mostly during this era.
In the end of the 19th century, however, São Luís suffered from economic collapse due to the decline of cotton exportations. Only after the 1960s the city started to recover by means of government investments and iron exports, via the Vale do Rio Doce mining company. Tourism has also become an important part of economy, especially during the Bumba meu boi festivities, but tourism development is still hampered by several factors, including subpar infrastructure, lack of lingual proficiency of tourism workers, difficulties on preservation of historical heritage, and urban violence.

Orientation

For a visitor, there are two main areas of interest in São Luís:

• The city's Historical Center, located by the sea, just south of the Anil river, which is also the city's cultural heart and center of popular shopping
• The area around the Lagoa da Jansen (Jansen's lagoon), containing the city's urban beaches and most modern, affluent neighborhoods (like Ponta do Farol, Ponta da Areia and Jardim Renascença), including more upscale shopping and nightlife

By bus

Bus station some 8 km southeast of the center, close to the airport in Avenida dos Franceses 5073 - right north of the intersection with Rua Tres. Telephone +55 98 3249-2488. The bus Socorrão 2 / Rodoviária(and others) takes you pretty straight to/from the waterfront of Old Town. Taxi R$25 from rodoviaria (fixed price), R$25-30 taximetro from centro (12/2013).
To Belem, 3 daily, 12 hours (more often 15-16 hr), R$125-160 (leito) (Dec 2013), by Boa Esperança and Transbrasiliana
An exhausting 20 hours to Fortaleza by Guanabara

By train

Train three times a week to Parauapebas via Santa Inês, Açailândia, Marabá and others.
The train station is in a street named: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce - next to Avenida dos Portugueses - some kilometers south west of the center. Companhia Vale do Rio Doce is the name of the company that operates the train.

By plane

• Marechal Cunha Machado International AirportDomestic flights by Gol, LATAM, and TAF (also flies to French Guiana).

• The bus 901 São Cristovão / Alemanha leaves from right outside the terminal (follow the signs) every 25 minutes or so, and takes about 45 minutes to reach Praça Deodouro in the city center (where you can hop on to get to the airport). Get off one stop after, on Rua do Passeio and walk down the pedestrian Rua Grande for 10 minutes to get to the eastern edge of Old Town.
• If the above bus is not about to leave, a faster way is walking for 10 minutes along the main exit from the airport. Keeping to the right you will see a Shell gas station. From here you take the bus Socorrão 2 / Rodoviária(or ask what other goes), pretty straight to the Old down, about 30 minutes. To get to the airport, a number of buses from the Praia Grande terminal pass by the Shell station.
• Taxis run at fixed prices, displayed at a table just as you exit from luggage pick up: To Old Town R$30, to the beaches R$40.

Distance to other important cities:

• Fortaleza: 1070 km
• Recife: 1600 km
• Brasília: 2160 km
• Rio de Janeiro (city): 3060 km

By bus

São Luís' public transit system is composed by a network of buses. A single ride ticket costs R$ 2,70 and a multiple ride ticket costs R$ 3,10 (January/2018). Multiple rides use bus interchange stations called Terminals or a Bilhete Único smartcard and have theoretically to be done on the same direction to qualify for transfer free of charge.
The main bus interchange is located in the west of the Historical Center, at Av. Sen. Vitórino Freire. There, the following bus lines can be of use to visitors:

• T065 São Raimundo / Band Tribuzzi takes you to São Luís Shopping in about 15 minutes.
• 403 Calhau/Litorânea goes by all the beaches.

The official bus transit app, launched by the city administration, is called Meu ônibus, but Moovit also works in São Luís.

By taxi

Taxis are popular among tourists, especially after sunset. Rideshare platforms Uber and 99Taxi are also available in São Luís - on these, the ride between airport and historical center on the wee hours costs around R$ 20 (August/2018).

Historic Center

São Luís's Historical Center is certainly the city's main attraction. Founded in 1612 by the French, it has been gradually expanded until the XX century, incorporating mostly Portuguese architecture adapted to the local climate. The azulejo titles, with insulating properties, are an example of adaption to tropical climate. The place is a testimony to the city's past wealth as the home of the cotton aristocrats, althoughmany buildings are in sorrow shape.

• Igreja da Sé - Av. Pedro II - Centro.
• Palácio dos Leões (Lions Palace - seat of the Governor) - Av. Pedro II - Centro.
• Museu Histórico e Artístico do Maranhão - Rua do Sol, Centro.
• Convento das Mercês
• Igreja do Desterro
• Casa de Nhozinho - Rua Portugal, Centro
• Fonte do Ribeirão (Stream's Fountain)- Rua do Ribeirão, Centro.
• Fonte das Pedras (Stones' Fountain)- Rua Antônio Rayol, Centro, close to Mercado Central.
• Teatro Arthur Azevedo - Second oldest in Brazil but very modern inside - Rua do Sol, Centro
• Centro de Cultura Popular Domingos Vieira Filho
• Solar São Luís - Considered the biggest azulejo-clad building in Brazil (3 floors), built in the late 1800s. - Rua do Egito, Centro.
• Museu de Arte Sacra(Sacred Art Museum) - The collection belongs to Arquidiocese de São Luís, composed by pieces made in the 18th and 19th centuries, featuring the Mannerist, Rococo, Baroque and Neoclassic styles. - Rua do Sol, Centro.
• Remédios Church and Praça Gonçalves Dias - Built in 1719 on Gothic style, stands on Gonçalves Dias square, a beautiful vision. Largo dos Amores, Centro.
• Cafuá das Mercês - Rua Jacinto Maia, Centro

Beaches

São Luís' urban beaches do not match the beauty of those found in other Northeastern capital cities, such as Maceió or Natal, neither are known for their cleanness. However, they are a still a nice place to experience Brazilian urban beach life. The city's beaches suffer from an enormous tidal variation - the sea reportedly recedes close to 1 km on some spots at low tide, and at high tide there is no dry sand left

• Ponta d'Areia

  address: R. do Forte s/n
  São Luís' westmost and most popular beach, not far from the city center, but also probably the most polluted and sometimes overcrowded. There are several restaurants and reggae bars around the beach.

• Calhau

  address: Av. Ulisses Guimarães s/n
  Reputedly the city's best beach, it has calm waters and good infrastructure of kiosks and restaurants.

• Olho d'ÁguaLocated a bit further east than Calhau, it's a bit less crowded but still has considerable infrastructure.

• Bumba-meu-boi - From 13 to 30 June - This beautiful folklore manifestation of Iberian origin is one of the highlights of the city's culture. It has been kept alive by the black people of São Luis and is performed by groups in costumes, telling a tale of a certain Bull through music, dance and theater throughout the city.

Cinema

There is an art cinema in the Old Town, with a mix of Brazilian and weird imports.
The largest and most modern movie theatre, with 10 showrooms, is at the São Luís Shopping, mostly showing Hollywood fare.

There are three malls in the city with one of them being in the historic part of town. There are numerous shops that sell souvenirs.
The city center´s main pedestrian mall is Rua Grande, which has most shops but hardware and foodstuffs.

Local dishes include Peixada(fish) and shrimp pie, and Arroz de cuxá -rice with herbs.
In Old Town:

• La PizzeriaReal Italian style, probably the best in the state

• Toca da Amizade

  address: Rua João Victal, Old Town
  Serves late lunch.

• Dom Francisco

  address: Old Town

Maranhão has its own version of the guaraná soft drink, called Jesus (nothing religious, it was the inventor´s name). It is pink and rather sweeter than the others.
Many small bars around Old Town, but quite dead on Sundays, when most action goes along the beaches. Another area is along the Lagoa da Jansen, near the beach Ponta d'Areia. A third is on the beach of Calhau. Night buses go past these areas every half hour on weekends.

• KabãoBig open air

• Bar do PortoReggea spot by the boat terminal

• Bar do NelsonBar come club, mostly reggea, some live. Drinking on the street outside.

• Pirata

  address: Avenida Litoranea, Calhau
  As big as it gets in this city. Forró. Also quite a party on the pavement outside.

Plenty of options within the Old Town, which is where most visitors wisely choose to stay. If you for some reason prefer a beach, Calhau has many pousadas (no budget options), beach bars and a few restaurants.

Budget

There is a youth hostel in Old Town that also offers singles, doubles and family rooms:

• Solar das Pedras

• Pousada Internacional

  phone: +55 98 3231-5154
  address: Rua da Estrela, Old Town

• Pousada Reviver

  phone: +55 86 3231-4465
  address: Old Town
  Bright and clean, high ceilings. Shared bathroom. Kitchen. No breakfast.

• Pousada Cantaria

  address: Rua da Estrela, Old Town

• Hotel Lord

  address: Old Town
  Decadent

• Pousada Maranhense

  address: Old Town
  Here people mostly pay by the hour, but you might use it in emergencies.

• Pousada Beira MarBasic, small rooms

Mid-range

• Praia Mar HotelNice rooms right on the beach, good food.

• Pousada Portas da Amazônia

  phone: +55 98 3222-9937
  address: Rua do Giz, 129 - Praia Grande
  Nice rooms right on the beach, good food.

• Solar dos Nobres

São Luís is safe enough by Brazilian standards, although roaming the empty streets of the Historical Center at night should be avoided. As with anywhere else in South America, not displaying expensive possessions (such as professional cameras, smartphones and stacks of cash) avoids trouble.

• Laundry at Lavamatic, upper end of Rua Ribeirão, R$ 9/kg, next day if you are lucky.

• Alcântara - Reached by an approximately hour long boat ride from São Luis. Timetables are not entirely stable as they depend somewhat on tides, but mostly around 7 and 9AM there should be a boat, R$10, with return in the late afternoon. Doublecheck at ticket office the day before.
• Lençóis Maranhenses through Barreirinhas