Sinhala phrasebook

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Regunathan Umapathy
Sinhala (සිංහල) is the main language of Sri Lanka. About three fourths of Sri Lanka's population of ca. 21 million speak Sinhala as their mother tongue and many others in the country speak it as a second language. It is widely used in all the regions of the island except the north and east, where many people who speak Tamil as their first language may not be so good at speaking Sinhala.
Sinhala belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Though originally a language of the common man in Sri Lanka, where scholars - mainly Buddhist monks - preferred Pali and Sanskrit for their writings, Sinhala inscriptions dating from the third or second century BCE have been found. The oldest existing Sinhala literary works date back to the ninth century CE. The alphabet employed is descended from the ancient Brahmi script of the Indian region. The language has been greatly enriched by its association with Buddhism, which was introduced to the island in the third century BCE. In addition to regional tongues like Tamil, languages from far away like Portuguese, Dutch and English have also influenced Sinhala due to European colonization.
A marked difference exists between the spoken and written forms of Sinhala. The simpler spoken variety is found even in informal writing, e.g. in letters among friends. One is likely to hear the written form only in formal announcements and speeches - or in TV/radio newscasts.

Pronunciation guide

Language structure